Pupil premium: overview
Updated 30 September 2024
Applies to England
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This publication is available at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/pupil-premium/pupil-premium
This guidance is an overview of pupil premium for school staff, parents and anyone else interested in the pupil premium.
Guidance for school leaders explains how to make the best use of pupil premium funding.
Purpose
The pupil premium grant is funding to improve educational outcomes for disadvantaged pupils in state-funded schools in England.
The grant also provides support for children and young people with parents in the regular armed forces, referred to as service pupil premium (SPP). This has been combined into pupil premium payments to make it easier for schools to manage their spending. Pupils that the SPP intends to support are not necessarily from financially disadvantaged backgrounds.
We want to support all schools to use the wealth of evidence of ‘what works’, evaluated by the Education Endowment Foundation (EEF), to use this funding effectively.
Funding criteria
Pupil premium funding is allocated to eligible schools based on the number of:
- pupils who are recorded as eligible for free school meals, or have been recorded as eligible in the past 6 years (referred to as Ever 6 FSM)
- children previously looked after by a local authority or other state care, including children adopted from state care or equivalent from outside England and Wales
Pupil premium is not a personal budget for individual pupils, and schools do not have to spend pupil premium so that it solely benefits pupils who meet the funding criteria. It can be used:
- to support other pupils with identified needs, such as those who have or have had a social worker, or who act as a carer
- for whole class interventions which will also benefit non-disadvantaged pupils
Pupil premium funding is allocated to local authorities based on the number of:
- looked-after children, supported by the local authority
- pupils who meet any of the eligibility criteria and who attend an independent setting, where the local authority pays full tuition fees
For pupils who are looked-after children, funding should be managed by the local authority’s virtual school head (VSH) in consultation with the child’s school.
Details of the funding criteria for SPP is outlined in the Service pupil premium section.
Eligible schools
The following types of school are eligible to receive an allocation of pupil premium.
Local authority-maintained schools
These include:
- mainstream infant, primary, middle, junior, secondary and all-through schools serving pupils in year groups reception to year 11
- schools for children with special educational needs or disabilities and general hospital schools
- pupil referral units (PRUs), for children who do not go to a mainstream school
Academies, free schools and non-maintained special schools
These include:
- mainstream infant, primary, middle, junior, secondary and all-through academies serving pupils in year groups reception to year 11
- academies and non-maintained special schools for children with special educational needs or disabilities
- alternative provision academies, for children who do not go to a mainstream school
Pupil premium is also provided to local authorities for eligible pupils in independent settings where the local authority pays full tuition fees. It is for the local authority to decide how much of this funding to pass on to the child’s school.
Funding rates for the 2023 to 2024 financial year
This table shows how the pupil premium grant is allocated to schools and local authorities in the 2023 to 2024 financial year, based on per pupil rates.
| Funding criteria | Amount of funding for each primary-aged pupil per year | Amount of funding for each secondary-aged pupil per year | Funding is paid to |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pupils who are eligible for free school meals, or have been eligible in the past 6 years | £1,455 | £1,035 | School |
| Pupils previously looked after by a local authority or other state care | £2,530 | £2,530 | School |
| Children who are looked after by the local authority | £2,530 | £2,530 | Local authority |
Funding rates for the 2024 to 2025 financial year
This table shows how the pupil premium grant is allocated to schools and local authorities in the 2024 to 2025 financial year, based on per pupil rates.
| Funding criteria | Amount of funding for each primary-aged pupil per year | Amount of funding for each secondary-aged pupil per year | Funding is paid to |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pupils who are eligible for free school meals, or have been eligible in the past 6 years | £ 1,480 | £ 1,050 | School |
| Pupils previously looked after by a local authority or other state care | £ 2,570 | £ 2,570 | School |
| Children who are looked after by the local authority | £ 2,570 | £ 2,570 | Local authority |
Pupil premium allocations and conditions of grant for the 2024 to 2025 financial year has more information including:
- allocations for each school and the totals at national, local authority and parliamentary constituency level
- how pupil premium funding must be spent
- how allocations are calculated
Payment schedule for the 2023 to 2024 financial year
Payments will be sent to local authorities on:
- 30 June 2023
- 29 September 2023
- 29 December 2023
- 28 March 2024
Payments will be sent to academy trusts (including free schools) on:
- 10 July 2023
- 9 October 2023
- 8 January 2024
- 9 April 2024
Payments will be sent to non-maintained special schools on:
- 18 August 2023
- 18 October 2023
- 18 January 2024
- 18 April 2024
Payment schedule for the 2024 to 2025 financial year
Payments will be sent to local authorities on:
- 28 June 2024
- 30 September 2024
- 31 December 2024
- 31 March 2025
Payments will be sent to academy trusts (and free schools) on:
- 8 July 2024
- 8 October 2024
- 9 January 2025
- 8 April 2025
Payments will be sent to non-maintained special schools on:
- 19 August 2024
- 18 October 2024
- 17 January 2025
- 18 April 2025
Service pupil premium
Service pupil premium is additional funding for schools with pupils who have parents serving in the armed forces.
Pupils in state-funded schools in England attract the service pupil premium grant, at the rate of:
- £335 per eligible pupil in the 2023 to 2024 financial year
- £340 per eligible pupil in the 2024 to 2025 financial year
Pupils are eligible if they meet the following 2 criteria:
- one of their parents is serving in the regular armed forces, including pupils with a parent who is on full commitment as part of the full-time reserve service – this includes pupils with a parent who is in the armed forces of another nation and is stationed in England
- they have been registered as a ‘service child’ on any school census in the past 6 years
They would also be eligible if:
- one of their parents died whilst serving in the armed forces and the pupil receives a pension under the Armed Forces Compensation Scheme or the War Pensions Scheme
This funding is primarily to enable schools to offer pastoral support and help mitigate the negative impact of family mobility or parental deployment. It can also be used to help improve the academic progress of eligible pupils if the school deems this to be a priority.
Funding paid to schools
To ensure that pupil premium is focused on effective approaches to raising the educational attainment of disadvantaged pupils, schools (including local authority virtual schools) must spend their pupil premium grant (excluding service pupil premium) on evidence-informed activities in line with the ‘menu of approaches’ set by the Department for Education (DfE).
The menu of approaches is in ‘Using pupil premium: guidance for school leaders’.
The menu aligns with the EEF’s 3-tiered approach, which helps schools allocate spending across the following areas:
- developing high-quality teaching, for example through professional development and recruitment and retention
- providing targeted academic support, such as one-to-one or small group tuition
- tackling non-academic barriers to academic success, such as difficulties with attendance, behaviour and social and emotional wellbeing
When considering the balance of spending within the 3-tiered model set out in EEF’s guide to the pupil premium, schools should bear in mind that the EEF recommends that approaches which support and promote high-quality teaching in schools should be a top priority for pupil premium spending. However, the exact balance of spending between categories will vary depending on the specific needs of pupils and the relative size of the school’s pupil premium cohort.
High attaining eligible pupils should receive just as much focus as lower attaining eligible pupils when it comes to spending funding. Evidence shows that eligible pupils who are among the highest performers at key stage 2 are more likely than their non-eligible peers to fall behind by key stage 4.
Funding for looked-after children
Virtual school heads are responsible for managing the funding given to local authorities for the children in their care. They work with schools to ensure the funding is used to help deliver the outcomes identified in the children’s personal education plans, in line with the menu of approaches.
They can pass all the funding on to schools or retain some to fund activities that will benefit a group, or all, of the local authority’s looked-after children.
Accountability
Schools must show how they are using their pupil premium effectively:
- by publishing a statement on their website each academic year using the DfE template
- through inspections by Ofsted - inspectors may discuss plans schools have to spend their pupil premium
- through scrutiny of pupil premium plans by governors and trustees
Ofsted’s framework for inspecting local authority children’s services requires inspectors to ask for the virtual school annual report. This report should include details of how the VSH has managed the pupil premium for looked-after children.
Schools are also held to account for the outcomes achieved by their disadvantaged pupils through published performance tables.